State law requires each school to conduct three types of tests over a three-year cycle.
Table Top Exercise
The most basic test is a tabletop exercise. Typically, this exercise happens in an informal setting. The intent is to discuss various issues regarding a hypothetical, simulated emergency. Tabletop exercises enhance general awareness, validate plans and procedures, and rehearse potential situations. Additionally, they assess the systems schools needs to prevent as well as to protect, mitigate, respond and recover during a defined incident. Tabletop exercises facilitate conceptual understanding, identify strengths and areas for improvement, and/or achieve changes in attitudes.
Functional Exercise
To further validate school emergency plans, we actually try to complete the procedures written in the plan for a specific hazard through a functional exercise. The focus is to see how policies and procedures work in a realistic, but still simulated, setting. Additionally, it allows school administrators to direct staff and students in their response to the hazard. In functional exercises, the practice may include changes in the situation that management must respond to through quick adjustments. A functional exercise consists of one of the protective actions in the functional content areas of a plan.
Full Scale Exercise
Finally, there is the most complex of the exercises or tests, the full scale exercise. Here, we exercise multiple functional content area sections of our plan, putting together a more complete response. It may involve first responders (fire, law enforcement, EMS, and/or emergency management), local officials and community organizations. For a full scale exercise, they look for a combination of evacuation and family reunification or lockdown, reverse evacuation, and emergency notification.